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policy instrument · 10 December 2010
U.S. EPA Underground Injection Control Class VI Well Program (Safe Drinking Water Act) with State Primacy
Jurisdiction countryUnited States
Instrument typepermitting-regulatory
Authoritygovernment
PathwaysDirect air capture, Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage, Pumpable biomass to geological storage (bio-oil, slurry)
Scopecarbon removal and point-source capture
Statusoperational
DetailFederal permitting regime for wells injecting CO2 for geologic sequestration (used by DAC, BECCS, biomass-injection and point-source CCS projects), with states able to obtain primary enforcement authority (primacy). North Dakota (2018) and Wyoming (2020) were the earliest primacy states; as of the Texas approval in November 2025 six states hold Class VI primacy (North Dakota, Wyoming, Louisiana, W
Monetary notePermitting program, no direct subsidy; EPA has issued primacy-support grants to states (e.g. USD 1.93M to the Railroad Commission of Texas).
Confidencehigh
Pathway scopespecific
Pathway notepermitting regime for wells injecting CO2 for geologic sequestration 'used by DAC, BECCS, biomass-injection and point-source CCS projects'
Stated jurisdictionUS
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